Lavalier Microphones: 5 Fast Facts

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Fact #1. Most film productions rely heavily on boom microphones to capture their audio. A shotgun microphone attached to the far end of a long boom pole allows sound mixers access to the spaces just outside of an image's frame. From there, they can usually pick up enough high-quality audio to give the scene a professional sound level.
Fact #2. Sometimes during a shoot, the wind is too high, or the framing of the shot necessitates that the boom operator bring his microphone too far from the actors. In these cases, the lavalier microphone will save the day. It can also be tremendously useful if you only have enough in your budget to work with a smaller crew. A set of well-placed lavs may negate the need for a boom operator entirely.
Fact #3. The one big drawback of lavalier microphones is clothing rustle. By necessity, these little mics have to be very sensitive. They're designed to capture high-quality audio, often from beneath one or more layers of clothing. If your subject is relatively motionless, that audio should record very cleanly. Small amounts of motion, however, will often create audio tracks in which the sound of clothing rubbing against the mic outshines the dialogue.
Fact #4. Keeping these mics in place is vital to reducing unwanted noises. You can't simply clip them to clothing if you want them to remain hidden. Invest in a little medical tape, like the kind you would use to secure gauze to skin. This will hold your lavs in place against any bare flesh that might prove a convenient staging ground.
Fact #5. Your selection of a lavalier microphone system will hinge on your intended uses for the device. Necessities of size and placement will have a lot to do with your decision. A documentarian will have different needs than a fiction filmmaker, as well.